Research
Michael, B., et al. (2025). Assessment of brain complications following COVID-19 infection by measuring markers of brain inflammation and immune activation in blood (COVID-CNS). NIHR BioResource.
Michael, B., Dunai, C., Needham, E., Tharmaratnam, K., … & Menon, D. (2023). Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses. Nature Communications.
Needham, E., Ren, A., Digby, R., Norton, E., … & Menon, D. (2022). Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Brain.
Wood, G., Sargent, B., Ahmad, Z., Tharmaratnam, K., … & Leek, E. (2025). Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction. Nature Medicine.
Additional Information
Brain imaging reveals changes linked to long COVID | University of Minnesota
Brainstem damage could explain long COVID symptoms, precision MRI shows | Medical News Today
Groundbreaking UTMB Health research study reveals surprising link between Long COVID, traumatic brain injury | University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Long COVID ‘brain fog’ confounds doctors, but new research offers hope | MedScape Medical News
New evidence suggests long COVID could be a brain injury | MedScape Medical News
Researchers discover latest insights into after-effects of severe COVID-19 on the brain | Encephalitis International
Study sheds new light on severe COVID’s long-term brain impacts | University of Minnesota
Study shows COVID leaves brain injury markers in blood | University of Minnesota
UK researchers find Alzheimer’s-like brain changes in long COVID patients | University of Kentucky